Most manufacturers today recognise the need for robotics. However, if you want to get all you can from these technologies, you must consider the specifics of how to select and implement them. Robots’ end-of-arm tooling design is one of the most crucial considerations.

Industrial robot end effectors turn a multi-purpose arm into a specialised tool for a specific job. Paying more attention to these components can help you find the ideal robotic solution for your needs, and that starts with understanding how they affect your performance and return on investment (RoI).

How end-of-arm tooling design impacts robotics
Today’s most commonly cited obstacles to manufacturing automation are high costs and companies’ automation experience, representing 71 per cent and 61 per cent of organisations, respectively. Many businesses may not recognise that the two issues are related, and optimal end-of-arm tooling design addresses both.

Well-functioning robots can compensate for high capital costs over time, so fixing this barrier is mostly a matter of RoI. Achieving the highest possible returns starts with selecting the right tool for the job. Your returns will be minimal if your end effector is better suited to a different task than what you’re using it for, making those upfront costs more impactful.

Similarly, if your end-of-arm tooling doesn’t match your application, working effectively will require more adjustment. This adaptation makes the automation knowledge gap more severe, as you’ll need more experience to refine and maintain these systems. By contrast, industrial robot end effectors that naturally fit the job require less intervention.

Types of end-of-arm tooling
Many organisations struggle with end-of-arm tooling design because it requires more considerations than it may initially seem. Part of that is because there are many types of robotic arm end effectors to choose from.

The easiest way to break industrial robot end effectors down is by their function. The same underlying robotic arm can feature a huge range of mechanisms, including:

Each of these mechanisms features further variety in the specific sensors, components and technologies they use. You can also power industrial robot end effectors in different ways, such as through electricity or pneumatics. Differences in any of these factors can dramatically alter how well your robot operates and meets your expectations, so it’s important to balance them all.

How to choose the right industrial robot end effector
With so many options available, choosing the right end-of-arm tooling design can be intimidating. However, it’s easier once you break it into smaller steps. Here’s how you can find the optimal end effector for your needs.

Review your specific needs
The first step in choosing the right end-of-arm tooling is determining your automation goals and restraints. Be as specific as possible when outlining these. In any use case, a 1 per cent bump in automation density tends to produce a 0.8 per cent increase in productivity, but you can get more out of it by taking a more granular approach.

What specific workflows will you automate? What materials will your end effector work with, and do those pose any unique challenges? How much can you afford to spend? How much physical space do you have available for the robot? Your answers to questions like these will inform better decisions down the line.

Consider the tooling type
Next, compare your needs to end-of-arm tools. You'll likely need a gripper for a material-handling robot, the fastest-growing industrial robotic application today. However, you should ask more questions about your specific use case to find the best tool within that category.

Robotic hands with nonslip gripper pads are some of the most common solutions but not always the best. High-speed applications or those managing delicate components may benefit more from vacuum grippers. If a mechanical gripper works best, consider the number of jaws, as more digits are more expensive but better at holding rounded objects.

Consider the power mechanism
After determining the industrial robot end effector you need, think about how best to power it. These mechanisms fall into two general categories: electric and pneumatic, each with unique advantages and disadvantages.

Pneumatic end-of-arm tooling offers higher power-to-size ratios, making them ideal for heavy workloads or areas with limited space. They also typically have lower upfront costs. By contrast, electric motors are easier to program and control, and while they cost more initially, they usually carry lower lifetime costs.

Compare available options
At this point, you should know your ideal power mechanism and tooling type. You can then shop for available options that meet these needs and your budget from various vendors. Be sure to consider any additional features you may need, such as specific sensor types or compatibility with your robotic arm.

You should see if any tooling manufacturers offer ongoing technical support. Tech expertise is in short supply in virtually every market, so many organisations lack the necessary skills to implement or troubleshoot advanced robotics effectively. OEMs that can help you in that endeavor are likely worth the premium.

Make the most of end-of-arm tooling design
End-of-arm tooling design is a critical but easy-to-overlook aspect of robotics. Select these components carefully to achieve the highest possible RoI from your robotic systems.

These steps will help you find the best robotic arm end effector for your needs. That advantage can place you ahead of the less careful competition.

About the author:
Emily Newton is a tech and industrial journalist and the Editor-in-Chief of Revolutionized Magazine.